Explain in detail the state of insurgency a North Eastern India

Avoidance relationship is also maintained only between the elder brother-in-law and the bride. So, bride is not supposed to say or call directly and cannot even touch him by mistake. In earlier Meitei society, the title used by women, the first one refers to clans and the later family names or linage. In a patriarchal society, the women's family name or surname is lost at marriage, as the social norms require them to adopt the name of husband after marriage.

As soon as the opposition forces come to power, they stage a surrender making drama with much fanfare by granting amnesty to all militant activists along with provisions for economic rehabilitation. The Jammu and Kashmir commission does not have the authority to investigate alleged human rights violations committed by members of paramilitary security forces. The NHRC has jurisdiction over all human rights violations, except in certain cases involving the army. The NHRC has authority to investigate cases of human rights violations committed by Ministry of Home Affairs paramilitary forces operating under the AFSPA in the northeast states and in the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Authorities permitted prisoners to register complaints with state and national human rights commissions, but the authority of the commissions extended only to recommending that authorities redress grievances.
According to Human Rights Watch , cases of arbitrary arrest, torture, and forced confessions by security forces remained common. Police continued to be overworked, underpaid, and subjected to political pressure, in some cases contributing to corruption. The HRW 2017 India country report found that officials were rarely prosecuted for crimes committed because the law made it “difficult, if not impossible” to prosecute public officials. There was considerable public support for repeal of the AFSPA, particularly in areas that experienced a significant decrease in insurgent attacks.

Military operations in Nagaland, too, resulted in civilian fatalities and large-scale displacement. In Assam, in the beginning of the 1990s, two military operations, Operation Rhino and Operation Bajrang, were launched against U.L.F.A. militants. These forced U.L.F.A. to move out of the state and locate itself in areas outside the country. However, such operations have not been able to post conclusive gains against militancy in any of the states. In states like Manipur, militants have been able to carve out vast stretches of “liberated zones” where only their laws and dictates hold sway.
One provision gives the government authority to issue orders to block online content “in the interest of sovereignty and integrity of India, defense of India, security of the State, and friendly relations with foreign states or public order” without court approval. The central and state governments and armed forces investigated complaints and punished some violations committed by government forces. While NHRC guidelines call for state governments to report all cases of deaths from police actions to the NHRC within 48 hours, state governments did not consistently adhere to those guidelines. The NHRC also called for state governments to provide monetary compensation to families of victims, but the state governments did not consistently adhere to this practice. Authorities did not require the armed forces to report custodial deaths to the NHRC. According to human rights NGOs, some police used torture, mistreatment, and arbitrary detention to obtain forced or false confessions.

In Meghalaya and other Northeast India states, the insurgents regularly flex their influence muscle by declaring a “bandh,” a shutdown. Violence against civilians also accounted for 20%, reflecting a continuation of the frequent killings of alleged police informers by Maoists. Remote violence accounted for 19%, bomb blasts that targeted primarily Indian security forces. Damage of property, e.g. of mobile towers and railway tracks, accounted for another 9% of events . Saleng SangmaDespite the warning, Saleng Sangma refused to back the chief minister, Mukul Sangma. Two weeks after the demands and threats began, Saleng Sangma was kidnapped by unidentified militants.
Lower Assam areas and KarbiAnglong regions are prone to ethnic and communal tension. Garo insurgency in Meghalaya continues and Non-Manipuris are being targeted increasingly in Manipur. Initially, there was only one state of Assam and one Union Territory, NEFA covering the whole of the north-east.
All agreed that more young people need to adopt the ideals of peace — including human rights, justice and environmental issues — whether it's in the rest of the world or their own communities. In order to developed trade with the people from the hill, a Hao Keithel was developed at Imphal. The most important bazaar in the valley was the Khwairamand Bazar or Sana Keithel at Imphal. The women's market of Manipur is the only market of women in the north-east region of India and probably could be the only in the world. Women played a very important role, with their participation going away beyond managing economics of the house. When the male head of a family is killed or imprisoned, the mother has to fill in the gap caused by the patriarch's absence.

Such fines were often insufficient to deter violations, and authorities sporadically enforced them. The government amended the Child Labor Act in August 2016 to ban employment of children below the age of 14. The amended law also prohibits the employment of children between the ages of 14 and 18 in hazardous work except in mines. Children are prohibited from using flammable substances, explosives, or other hazardous material, as defined by the law.
Critics claimed many of these programs suffered from poor implementation and/or corruption. Private-sector employment of persons with disabilities remained low, despite governmental incentives. Many tribal land systems, including in Bihar, deny tribal women the right to own land. The government has promoted female sterilization as a form of family planning for decades and, as a result, female sterilization made up 86 percent of all contraceptive use in the country. Despite recent efforts to expand the range of contraceptive choices, the government sometimes promoted permanent female sterilization to the exclusion of alternate forms of contraception.

Recently, the Chief Ministers of Assam and Meghalaya signed an agreement to resolve 50 years old border dispute and the Ministry of Home Affairs lifted AFPSA from certain areas of Assam, Manipur and Nagaland reduced the disturbed areas. Normalcy in the region will motivate insurgents to surrender, and gradually keep lifting the much disliked AFPSA from the region and play decisive role in country’s ‘Look East Policy’. The human right activists must keep in mind the repeated killing and injuring of the security forces personnel by the terrorists- for illustration only, the killing of 76 CRPF constables killed in Dantewada in Apr 2010 or the 40 CRPF constables in Pulwama in Feb 2019. There have been numerous such cases of brutally killings of the soldiers in J&K, naxal infested areas and the NE states by the insurgents.
Acting on inputs regarding probable movement of some armed GNLA cadre in Dobu area, counter-insurgency forces were pressed into service, a senior police officer involved in the operations told PTI. There has been a long and continuous demand from the North-east that the special powers given to the armed forces in the Northeast and AFSPA should be withdrawn. From Sharmila Chanu was on hunger strike for over 15 years on this single issue. Although the Indian armed forces have been working in very arduous conditions but sometimes, due to stress, their behaviour also comes under the scanner.

There were reports, however, that prison guards sometimes required bribes from families to confirm the detention of their relatives. Bhutan remains the only country that successfully dislodged several militant camps of the northeastern groups through a military operation launched in December 2003. Analysts indicate that most of the militant outfits in the region have been quick to transform themselves into purely terrorist entities, bereft of their original objectives and ideology. Militant outfits in Tripura, the National Liberation Front of Tripura (N.L.F.T.) and the All Tripura Tiger Force espousing the tribal cause have indulged in a number of attacks on the tribal population.
Tirap and Changlang is an important conduit to the rich oil, coal and tea belt of Upper Assam, and with extortion as the primary aim, the insurgent groups have an important stake in keeping the causeway alive. There was an announcement in 2010 by the Indian home minister that a full-scale operation would be launched against the insurgents in the two districts, but this has not yet translated into reality. C) Insurgency in Meghalaya was confined to activities such as extortion and kidnapping.